Apple Xsan Manual do Utilizador

Xsan 2Administrator Guide

10 Preface About This BookAppendix B, “Using the Command Line,” describes command-line utilities and Âconguration les you can use to manage

100Use this chapter to nd solutions to common problems you might encounter while working with a SAN.Look here for solutions to common problems you

Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems 101If You Can’t Mount a Volume on a ClientTry restarting the client computer, and then try again. ÂCheck that all

If You Can’t Add a Storage PoolSome reserved names can’t be used to name a storage pool. If you enter one of these names, the OK button in the storage

Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems 103If Fibre Channel Performance Is Poorer Than ExpectedMismatched optical transceivers (GBICs) can cause Fibre Ch

To check the data types a storage pool is used for:In Xsan Admin, select Volumes in the SAN Assets list and then click disclosure triangles min the l

10 5Here’s how to connect Windows, Solaris, UNIX, AIX, IRIX, or Linux clients to an Xsan SAN.Xsan is fully compatible with Quantum’s StorNext Fil

106 Appendix A Combining Xsan Controllers and StorNext ClientsTerminologyNote these dierences in terminology between StorNext and Xsan:StorNe

Appendix A Combining Xsan Controllers and StorNext Clients 107 4 Place a StorNext license le for your non-Macintosh clients on the Macintosh X

108You can use Xsan shell commands and conguration les to work with a SAN from the command line.You can use the shell commands and conguration l

Appendix B Using the Command Line 109Replace user with the name of a user account on the remote computer and computer with its IP address or DNS

Preface About This Book 11Controller Client CompatibleStorNext FS 2.4–2.7 NoXsan 1.4 or earlier Xsan 2.2 NoStorNext FS 3.1–3.5 Xsan 2.2 YesSto

11 0 Appendix B Using the Command LineTo install Xsan on a computer that has no keyboard or monitor: 1 Log in to a computer that has a keybo

Appendix B Using the Command Line 111Tool DescriptioncvmkfileCreate and preallocate a le; see page 118cvmkfsInitialize a volume; see page 11 9c

11 2 Appendix B Using the Command LineParameter Description-e commandExecute the specied command and return to the shell prompt. Otherwise,

Appendix B Using the Command Line 11 3cvadmin command DescriptionpathsList available LUNs.quitExit from cvadmin.quotas [yes|no]Enable or disable

11 4 Appendix B Using the Command Linecvadmin command Descriptionshow [pool] [long]List storage pool information for the active volume.pool –

Appendix B Using the Command Line 11 5Copying Files or Folders (cvcp)Use the cvcp command to copy les or folders to or from an Xsan volume.$ cv

11 6 Appendix B Using the Command Line$ cvcp -vxy data1 /datasets/data1Perform a similar copy as above, but only copy les with names that be

Appendix B Using the Command Line 11 7To list available LUNs:$ sudo cvlabel -l [-s] [-v]To list current LUN and label information you can paste

11 8 Appendix B Using the Command LineCreating and Preallocating a File (cvmkle)Use the cvmkfile command to allocate space for a le on an X

Appendix B Using the Command Line 11 9Initializing a Volume (cvmkfs)Use the cvmkfs command to initialize an Xsan volume based on the information

12 Preface About This BookNotation ConventionsThe following conventions are used in this book where shell commands or other command-line item

12 0 Appendix B Using the Command LineTo display an extent count without defragmenting:$ snfsdefrag -c [-K affinity] [-r] target [target] [..

Appendix B Using the Command Line 121List the extents:$ snfsdefrag -e datafileDefragment the le datale:$ snfsdefrag datafileDefragment every 

12 2 Appendix B Using the Command LineFor example:$ sudo xsanctl mount SanVolUnmounting an Xsan VolumeUse the xsanctl command to unmount an X

12 3anity A relationship between a folder on an Xsan volume and one or more storage pools that provide storage for the volume. The anity guaran

12 4 Glossaryle system A scheme for storing data on storage devices that allows applications to read and write les without having to deal with

Glossary 12 5RAID 0 A RAID scheme in which data is distributed evenly in stripes across an array of drives. RAID 0 increases the speed of data tra

Aaccesspermissions for folders 74read-only volumes 76unmounting a volume 75access control list. See ACLsACLsenabling and disabling 61setting up in

Index 12 7monitoring connection failures 99supported switches 22le systems. See volumesleslimit per volume 20maximum size 20name length limit

12 8 Indexrefresh interval, Xsan Admin 39repairing a volume 66round robinvolume allocation strategy 60SSAN (storage area network)adding 50addi

Index 12 9XXsan Admininstalling 49remote SAN management 50Xsan Admin applicationand rewalls 39overview 39preferences 39refresh interval 39Xs

13Learn about storage area networks (SANs) and how Xsan helps you set one up.Read this chapter for an overview of Xsan and how you can use it to s

Xsan Storage Area NetworksA SAN is a way of connecting computers and storage devices so computers have fast, shared access to les while making it eas

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 15Shared SAN VolumesA user or application on a client computer accesses shared SAN storage just like they would a loc

How Xsan Storage Is OrganizedAlthough an Xsan volume mounted on a client computer looks like a single disk, it consists of multiple physical disks co

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 17The illustration on page 16 shows eight LUNs. The LUN that stores metadata and journal information uses RAID level

VolumesStorage pools are combined to create the volumes that users see. From the user’s perspective, the SAN volume looks and behaves like a large loc

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 19In the illustration on page 16, the Other folder has an anity for the faster storage pool that is based on a RAID

Apple Inc. K© 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written co

Control user access to les and folders on a volume, by setting up access control lists Â(ACLs) in Xsan Admin.Set up zones in the underlying Fibre Ch

21Learn about Xsan hardware and software requirements, and about planning guidelines and performance tips that can help you design a SAN to meet

MemoryClient computers must have at least 2 GB of RAM. ÂComputers used as metadata controllers must have at least 2 GB of RAM for ÂMac OS X Server pl

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 23Fabric CongurationYou must connect the computers, storage devices, and switches in your Fibre Chann

Directory ServicesIf you plan to use user and group privileges to control access to les and folders on the SAN, you should set up or join a central d

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 25Important: If you create users and groups on each SAN computer, be sure that:Each user or group has

Preliminary Planning QuestionsAs you plan, consider the following questions:How much storage do you need? ÂHow do you want to present available storag

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 27How Should Users See Available Storage?If you want users working on a project to see a volume dedica

Choose a dierent primary metadata controller for each volume, and set up volume Âfailover priorities to minimize the possibility of more than one vo

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 29Most RAID systems support all popular RAID levels. Each RAID scheme oers a dierent balance of perf

9 Preface: About This Book10 What’s New in Xsan 210 Version Compatibility11 Upgrading from an Earlier Version of Xsan11 Getting Additional Infor

For this volume type’s anity tags used for user dataAssign LUNs in multiples ofGeneral File Server 2Home Folder Server 2Mail Cluster 1Podcast Produce

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 31If high availability is important, use at least two metadata controllers: one as the primary control

 If you choose balance, Xsan writes data to the storage pool that has the most free space.Planning the Ethernet TCP/IP NetworkEthernet connections a

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 33Planning the Fibre Channel NetworkXsan uses Fibre Channel connections to:Transfer user data between

Connect Devices to Specic BladesIf your Fibre Channel switch is based on a blade architecture, you might be able to improve performance by:Connecting

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 35Adjusting RAID System Performance SettingsRAID system performance settings, which aect parameters s

Enable Read PrefetchingRead prefetching is a technique that improves le system read performance when data is being read sequentially, as in the case

37Follow step by step instructions for setting up a shared volume on an Xsan SAN.This chapter explains how to connect the SAN networks, prepare RA

Using Server Assistant to Congure ControllersYou can use the Mac OS X Server setup assistant, Server Assistant, to congure servers as Xsan metadata

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 39Using Xsan AdminYou use the Xsan Admin application (installed in /Applications/Server/) to set up

4 Contents25 Outgoing Mail Service25 Planning Your SAN26 Preliminary Planning Questions26 Planning Considerations and Guidelines32 Planning

Setting Up an Xsan Volume on a SANStep 1: Set Up the Fibre Channel NetworkTo set up the SAN Fibre Channel network:Connect controller computers, clien

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 41For information about private IP addresses and the network settings you must make if the Xsan setu

After setup, you use Xsan Admin to create and delete users and groups and to change group membership. For information about Open Directory servers, se

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 43Step 6: Create a Metadata ArrayTen GB of disk space is enough to store the metadata for a volume

To install Xsan software on a computer that has no keyboard or display: 1 Insert the Xsan Install Disc in the computer that doesn’t have a keyboard o

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 45You can also open Xsan Admin on any computer with an intranet or Internet connection to your SAN c

Step 9: Create a VolumeWhen the Xsan setup assistant nishes basic SAN conguration, it asks if you want to create a volume.To create a volume: 1 In

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 47Spotlight: Enable this if you want Macintosh clients to search the contents of the volume using S

Stripe Breadth: Specify how much data is written to or read from each LUN in storage pools that have this anity tag (or each LUN in the custom stora

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 49Setting Up an Xsan Administrator ComputerYou can install the Xsan Admin application on any compute

Contents 549 Renaming a SAN49 Removing a SAN50 Managing Multiple SANs50 Setting Up Additional SANs51 Chapter 4: Managing SAN Storage51 Adding

Managing Multiple SANsYou can use Xsan Admin to manage more than one Xsan 2 SAN. The computer with Xsan Admin doesn’t need to be connected to the SAN’

51Use Xsan Admin and related command-line tools to expand, add, modify, check, and repair SAN volumes.This chapter shows how you can expand an exi

Preparing LUNsEach LUN in an Xsan volume is a RAID array. The way you set up your arrays depends on the storage device you’re using.To create a set of

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 53Adding a Volume to a SANA single Xsan SAN can provide access to multiple volumes.Click to add a new volume.Sele

Adding a Storage Pool to a VolumeYou can add free space to a SAN volume by adding a storage pool to the volume.If you’re expanding a volume that’s bas

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 55Adding LUNs to a Storage PoolYou can increase the size of a SAN volume by adding LUNs (RAID arrays or array sli

To add a LUN to a storage pool: 1 If you haven’t already done so, connect the RAID system that hosts the LUN to the SAN Fibre Channel network and pow

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 57Setting Up a Folder AnityEvery storage pool in a volume has an anity tag. You can use the tag to be sure that

Changing a Folder’s Storage Pool AnityYou can use Xsan Admin to change a folder’s anity so all new les placed in the folder are stored on a new sto

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 59Changing Advanced Volume SettingsIf your SAN volume has special conguration requirements, you can change the s

6 Contents71 Managing Users and Groups with Workgroup Manager72 Adding SAN Users72 Deleting SAN Users73 Creating Groups73 Deleting Groups73

For most volumes, the preset block allocation size and storage pool stripe breadth result in good performance. However, in some cases you might be abl

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 61Enabling Extended AttributesIf all computers on your SAN are running Xsan 2.2, you can enable extended attribut

Changing Advanced Allocation and Cache SettingsVolume settings that control the allocation of space for growing les and the caching of le-related da

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 63Changing Storage Pool SettingsThe SAN Setup assistant chooses storage pool settings based on the type of volume

Checking Volume FragmentationWhen you create a le, Xsan divides the le into pieces and distributes these pieces eciently over the LUNs that make up

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 65Checking the Integrity of a VolumeIf SAN users have trouble accessing les, use the cvfsck command to check the

Repairing a VolumeIf the cvfsck utility reveals problems with a volume, you can use the same command to repair the volume.To repair a volume: 1 Stop

67You can use Xsan Admin and related command-line tools to add, control, and remove client computers and their users.Xsan clients are computers th

To add a client computer to a SAN: 1 Connect the client to the SAN’s Fibre Channel and Ethernet networks. 2 Install the Xsan software on the client.

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 69To add an Xsan serial number: 1 In Xsan Admin, select Serial Numbers in the SAN Assets list. 2 Click th

Contents 796 Graphing SAN Resource Usage97 Setting Up Status Notications98 Viewing Xsan Logs99 Checking Volume Clients99 Checking for Fibre Ch

Mounting a Volume on a ClientWhen you create a volume, it is mounted on SAN computers. However, if you explicitly unmount a volume from a client, you

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 71To change mount options: 1 In Xsan Admin, select Mounts in the SAN Assets list. 2 Select the volume in

Adding SAN UsersOnly users in the SAN’s directory can log in to a client computer and access Xsan volumes. You can use Xsan Admin to add users to your

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 73To delete a user: 1 In Xsan Admin, select Users and Groups in the SAN Assets list. 2 Select the user in

To change a group’s membership: 1 In Xsan Admin, select Users and Groups in the SAN Assets list. 2 Select the group in the list and click the Edit b

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 75Unmounting a Volume on a ClientTo prevent a client from accessing a volume, you can unmount the volume fr

Restricting a Client to Read-Only AccessTo prevent a user on a client computer from modifying data on a SAN volume, you can mount the volume on the cl

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 77Removing a Client from a SANYou can remove a client computer from a SAN to prevent it from accessing SAN

Mapping Windows User and Group IDsYou can use the Windows ID Mapping setting for a volume to specify how Windows clients map user and group informatio

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 79Setting SAN User and Group QuotasYou can use Xsan Admin to set quotas on the amount of storage available

8 Contents118 Creating and Preallocating a File (cvmkle)119 Initializing a Volume (cvmkfs)119 Applying Volume Conguration Changes (cvupdatef

To remove a quota:Select the user or group and choose Delete Quota from the Action (gear) pop-up mmenu.If your Xsan computers connect to another Mac

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 81ExampleSuppose you assign Aldo a soft quota of 75 GB, a hard quota of 100 GB, and a grace period of 48 ho

To view quota status:In Xsan Admin, select “Users and Groups” or Quotas in the SAN Assets list. (You see mUsers and Groups only if you chose to have

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 83Helping Users Check QuotasSAN users who work on client computers but don’t have access to Xsan Admin can

Managing Client Computers RemotelyXsan Admin can help you connect to an Xsan client computer so you can observe or control it over the network. Using

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 85Connecting to a Client Using SSH in TerminalYou can use the Secure Shell (SSH) tool from the command line

86To increase SAN security and redundancy, you can add, switch, and monitor Xsan metadata controllers.Every SAN volume you set up is managed by a me

Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers 87Adding a Metadata ControllerYou can add standby controllers to a SAN so that volumes remain available

Setting Controller Failover PriorityWhen the primary metadata controller for a volume fails, Xsan uses the failover priorities of the available standb

Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers 89Finding Out Which Controller Is Hosting a VolumeControl of a volume can move from one metadata control

9Use this guide to learn how to use Xsan 2 to set up and manage volumes on a storage area network.This guide shows how to use Xsan 2 to combine RAI

From the Command LineYou can also nd out which volumes are hosted by a controller using the cvadmin select command in Terminal. For more information,

Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers 91Accessing Controller Computers RemotelyXsan Admin can help you connect to an Xsan controller so you ca

Connecting to a Controller Using SSH in TerminalYou can use the Secure Shell (SSH) tool from the command line to log in to a SAN controller over the n

93You can use Xsan Admin and related command-line tools to check the condition of a SAN and its components.This chapter shows you how to check the

To view the overall status of the SAN:Open Xsan Admin and select Overview in the SAN Assets list. mTo view a component’s status and conguration infor

Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status 95Checking Free Space on a VolumeThere are several ways to see how much space is available on a SAN volume.Avail

Checking Free Space on a Storage PoolIn addition to checking free space on a volume, you can check free space on storage pools in the volume.To check

Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status 97To view usage graphs:In Xsan Admin, click the Graphs button at the top of the window and use the three mpop-u

Viewing Xsan LogsYou can use Xsan Admin to view the informational and diagnostic messages that Xsan writes to a computer’s system and log.Type to sea

Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status 99Checking Volume ClientsYou can use Xsan Admin to see a summary of which clients are using a volume.Choose a vo