Apple Logic (1.1) Manual do Utilizador

Getting Started With Logic

10 Chapter 1 Setting Up Logic If you don’t have a MIDI keyboard handy, Logic allows you to use the computer keyboard for MIDI note entry. Just p

100 Chapter C Connecting Logic to a Mixer Given that the audio interface has sufficient inputs to handle all of the studio’s equipment, you would c

Chapter C Connecting Logic to a Mixer 101 Note: Adjustment of the Audio Input Object levels only affects the incoming audio stream when Logic is m

102 Chapter C Connecting Logic to a Mixer Mixing Desk With Sub GroupsIf your mixing desk has sub groups, use them for recording. Connect the first

D 103D Optimizing Your Audio Computer SystemLogic is known for its stable and reliable operation. You can further enhance your system performance

104 Chapter D Optimizing Your Audio Computer System Audio applications place high demands on the disks and mechanical parts of a hard drive. Regula

Chapter D Optimizing Your Audio Computer System 105 TroubleshootingThey may be rare, but every computer user inevitably experiences seemingly sever

106 Chapter D Optimizing Your Audio Computer System If Disaster Strikes…… your first priority should be to make a backup of your most important doc

Chapter D Optimizing Your Audio Computer System 107 Does the problem persist?Hard Disk Checking and File Structure RepairLogical file structure err

108 Chapter D Optimizing Your Audio Computer System Another common problem is loose internal computer connections, which commonly occur after trans

Chapter D Optimizing Your Audio Computer System 109 Reinstall Logic after installing the operating system. If the problem still persists, a hardwar

Chapter 1 Setting Up Logic 11 The Logic Setup Assistant Note: As a tip, we recommend that you write down the MIDI input and output connection

111GlossaryGlossaryAD converter or ADC Short for analog/digital converter; a device that converts an analog signal to a digital signal.AIFF Ab

112 Glossary audio file Any digital recording of sound, stored on your hard drive. You can store audio files in the AIFF, WAV and Sound Designer

Glossary 113 Audio Units (AU) Audio Units is the standard format for real-time plug-ins running on Mac OS X. It can be used for audio effects and

114 Glossary bpm Abbreviation for beats per minute, a measure of the tempo of musical piece. As an example: 120 bpm means that in one minute, th

Glossary 115 clipping (in digital recording) Feeding too much signal through a channel strip, thereby exceeding the limit of what can be accurate

116 Glossary distortion The effect produced when the limit of what can be accurately reproduced in a digital signal is surpassed, resulting in a

Glossary 117 EQ Shortened form of equalizer. Equalizers are used to boost or cut frequencies in an audio signal. There are several types availabl

118 Glossary Glue tool This tool can be used to merge Regions or events by simply clicking on two (or more) of them. grab (an object) Positionin

Glossary 119 interface 1) A hardware component such as a MIDI or audio device that allows Logic to “interface” (connect) with the outside world.

12 Chapter 1 Setting Up Logic 2 Check the Use song template option in the dialog that appears. 3 Select the desired template from the Templa

120 Glossary loop An audio clip that contains recurring rhythmic musical elements or elements suitable for repetition. Logic also supports Apple

Glossary 121 MIDI message A message transmitted via MIDI consisting of one status byte and none, one, two or many data bytes (with system exclusi

122 Glossary option 1) Alternative function, often in the form of a checkbox, sometimes also available as a menu entry. 2) Modifier key, in Windo

Glossary 123 project In Logic, the top-level folder that holds all media associated with a song, including audio files, Sampler Instruments and s

124 Glossary routing Generally refers to the way audio is sent through processing units. Also often used to describe specific input and output as

Glossary 125 sequencer A sequencer is a computer application that allows you to record both digital audio and MIDI data and blend the sounds toge

126 Glossary stereo Short for stereophonic sound reproduction of two different audio channels. Compare with mono.Swing parameter Alters the rigi

Glossary 127 Toolbox A section in Logic’s Parameters area that contains tools for editing, zooming, cropping and otherwise manipulating items in

128 Glossary zoom An action that enlarges (zooms in on) or shrinks (zooms out from) the display in a Logic window. The Magnifying Glass in the To

129IndexIndexAADC 111AD converter 111Add Last Edit Function to Region Name option 40aftertouch 111AIFF 111alias 111amplifier 111amplitude 111A

2 13 2 Getting Started With Logic This chapter provides a basic overview of Logic’s main working window and the tools that are used for data i

130 Index Bbackup 104bar 113Bar Ruler 15, 19, 113beat 113beat per minute. Seebpmbit depth 113bit rate. See bit depthbit resolution. See bit

Index 131Hyper-EditorHyperset 54Iimportingaudio file 58Input Object 118insert effect 76Instrument parameter 26interface 119KKeyboard Object

132 Index Parameters area 122Pencil tool 23, 122Physical Input Object 84pitch 122playback 122plug-in 70Plug-in window 75bypass button 76Lin

Index 133System Performance window 104Ttemplate 126tempo 126Text tool 23thumbnail 72tick 126time signature 126time stretch 126timing 126t

14 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic Loading and Starting the Tutorial Song Copy the “Tutorial” song file and “Tutorial ƒ” folder from the L

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 15 Getting to Know Logic’s Arrange Window The Tutorial song is compact and only contains a small arrangeme

16 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic Arrange Area with Regions This is the workspace when arranging with Logic. It may contain MIDI and/or a

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 17 Tracks and RegionsLogic works on the basis of tracks, much like a multitrack tape machine. You can see and

18 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic The illuminated M on a track indicates that all Regions on the track are muted—all Regions aligned horizont

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 19 The Arrange AreaThe large gray area next to the Track List is the Arrange area. This is where your Regions

 Apple Computer, Inc.© 2004 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part,

20 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic Parameters AreaThere are three boxes in the Parameters area to the left of the Arrange area. They are, from

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 21 To change a parameter value, simply click-hold to the extreme right of the Region Parameter box—alongside t

22 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic The Toolbox is context-sensitive. This means that different tools will appear for particular tasks in the v

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 23 About the ToolsThere are additional tools to those outlined below, found in specific editing windows. The f

24 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic ScissorsThe Scissors are used to split Regions—before copying or moving individual sections, for example.Gl

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 25 Magnifying GlassThe Magnifying Glass allows you to zoom in on a section by rubber-band selecting it, right

26 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic Marquee ToolIn the Arrange window, you can use the Marquee tool (looks like a crosshair, or plus sign) to s

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 27 The Channel Strip of the Selected TrackAt the lower left border of the Arrange window, a mixer channel stri

28 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic Key CommandsYou can activate most of Logic’s functions via key commands. A key command is a computer keyboa

Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic 29 To assign a function to a key:1 Click on the Learn by Key Label button.2 Select the desired function in the

3 1 Contents Preface 5 An Introduction to Logic 5 What Is Logic?6 About This Guide Chapter 1 9 Setting Up Logic 9 MIDI and Audio Connections11

30 Chapter 2 Getting Started With Logic Controlling Windows—ScreensetsEvery song created in Logic can have up to 90 Screensets. Screensets are wind

3 313 Navigating the SongIn this chapter, you will learn how to move to different parts of the song, start and limit passages, and to isolate and

32 Chapter 3 Navigating the Song Note: Clicking on the downwards pointing arrow beside the Song End box will open a menu of Transport bar display

Chapter 3 Navigating the Song 33 Moving to Different Song PositionsThere are several ways to “jump” to specific song positions. At the top of the A

34 Chapter 3 Navigating the Song Display Current Song PositionIf you manually enter and jump to positions, the song overview displayed can, on occa

Chapter 3 Navigating the Song 35 • Move it by grabbing it in the middle, and dragging your mouse to the left or right. • You can also change the ar

36 Chapter 3 Navigating the Song Oh … and congratulations are in order! You’ve just mastered the most essential of Logic’s techniques—the selection

4 374 Editing RegionsIn this chapter, you will learn how to edit Regions with Logic’s tools. We will also introduce you to Logic’s Loop function

38 Chapter 4 Editing Regions Moving RegionsIn the Arrange window, the Pointer tool can be used to move Regions onto other tracks, or to other posit

Chapter 4 Editing Regions 39 Undo/RedoDid you make a mistake, such as not selecting all of the MIDI Regions, or perhaps you moved them to the wrong

4 Contents 49 Saving the Song49 MIDI Event Editing Chapter 6 57 Audio Regions 58 Creating Audio Tracks in the Arrangement59 Sample Editor61 The Audio

40 Chapter 4 Editing Regions Copying RegionsIn the Arrange window, you can use the Pointer tool to copy MIDI and Audio Regions. The procedure is qu

Chapter 4 Editing Regions 41 LoopsThe Loop function enables you to repeat a Region automatically, without needing to copy it. The Loop switch can b

42 Chapter 4 Editing Regions To copy a looped Region:1 While pressing Shift, click on the original MIDI Region, and—if used and desired—the Stop Re

Chapter 4 Editing Regions 43 So let’s add an Apple Loop to our Tutorial song:1 Choose Audio > Loop Browser to launch the Loop Browser. In the Lo

44 Chapter 4 Editing Regions 3 Drag a green Apple Loop to the Apple Loop track. Place the left edge of the loop at the point in the timeline where

5 455 MIDI RegionsMIDI Regions are containers for MIDI events. They offer a number of additional editing possibilities over Audio Regions.In the

46 Chapter 5 MIDI Regions A nice feature of Logic is that global adjustments made to multiple MIDI Regions work relatively. In other words, this me

Chapter 5 MIDI Regions 47 4 In the Region Parameter box, click on the 16th note text alongside the Quantize entry. In the pull-down menu which open

48 Chapter 5 MIDI Regions 2 Check the Auto Mute in Cycle Record box.Selecting this setting causes each previous take to be automatically muted when

Chapter 5 MIDI Regions 49 7 Press Stop when you’re done. To select the best take:1 Press Play, and use the Mute tool, to audition the individual ta

5 Preface An Introduction to Logic Recent years have seen a revolution in the use of personal computers for creating music. Music projects tha

50 Chapter 5 MIDI Regions The Matrix EditorAlthough it looks very different, the Matrix Editor is quite similar to the Arrange window. Unlike the A

Chapter 5 MIDI Regions 51 If you change the length of multiple notes simultaneously, they will retain their relative length differences. It is poss

52 Chapter 5 MIDI Regions In all versions of Logic, you can make volume and panning changes using the Hyper Draw function, within the Matrix and Sc

Chapter 5 MIDI Regions 53 The Event List The Event List shows all data contained within a selected MIDI Region as an alphanumerical (a collection o

54 Chapter 5 MIDI Regions The Hyper Editor The Hyper Editor is useful as a graphically-based drum grid editor, and also for the graphic input, and

Chapter 5 MIDI Regions 55 The Transform WindowThe Transform window is a very powerful editor that can be customized to build your own preset transf

6 576 Audio RegionsLogic allows you to record not only MIDI data, but also audio parts. This enables you to integrate acoustic instrument or voca

58 Chapter 6 Audio Regions Creating Audio Tracks in the ArrangementIn the following section, you will learn how you create a new audio track in the

Chapter 6 Audio Regions 59 If you enlarge the display through use of the Zoom controls, you will see a waveform display in the Audio Region that wa

6 Preface An Introduction to Logic • Make use of the integrated software instruments, or third-party Audio Unit instruments. • Load songs or chan

60 Chapter 6 Audio Regions Below the waveform display, you can see three markers that can be dragged with the mouse.These are:The S arrow pointing

Chapter 6 Audio Regions 61 The E to the right of the other two markers represents the end of the Audio Region. If moved, you will also alter the Re

62 Chapter 6 Audio Regions Audio File MenuThis menu provides a range of file handling tools, including delete, backup, conversion, and more. These

Chapter 6 Audio Regions 63 Stereo RecordingTo make a stereo recording, you must first configure the selected track’s Arrange window channel strip a

64 Chapter 6 Audio Regions Important: Please do not forget to disarm the track after recording has finished. Do this by clicking on the illuminate

7 657 Mixer, Instruments, and EffectsThis chapter provides an overview of Logic’s mixing facilities and the use of software-based instruments and

66 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects Note: The updating of Track Mixer channels is entirely automatic, so as you add or delete tracks from

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 67 The cabling between Audio Objects—which deals with the audio signal flow—is automatically and invisibl

68 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects Master ObjectThis, as the name suggests, is a Master Volume control for the entire mixer. It is Logic’

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 69 5 Clicking on the Channel entry in the Object Parameter box will allow you to select the Audio Object

Preface An Introduction to Logic 7 If you wish to learn more about digital audio and the elements of a music project, read Appendix A , “Audio a

70 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects Using the Mixer and Plug-insLogic offers two types of plug-ins: software instruments and effects. Sof

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 71 • Double-clicking on the label opens a closed Plug-in window, allowing access to the plug-in’s paramet

72 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects Each audio channel in Logic features a number of parametric (and other) EQ options. You may also inser

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 73 • Click-holding on the desired parameter in the parameter area below the graphic display (Frequency, G

74 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects How Effects Are GroupedLogic hierarchically groups effects as follows:• Audio Channel Type—either Ster

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 75 The Plug-in Windows and their ParametersYou can edit the effect’s parameters by double-clicking on the

76 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects Additional Plug-in Window OptionsThe gray area at the top of the Plug-in window displays a Link button

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 77 3 To adjust the amount of send level, click-hold on the knob and drag your mouse to the right. You may

78 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 7 Return to the beginning of the newly-recorded automation track, using any of the navigation methods

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 79 Handling LinesLines are created automatically between nodes. The following node functions are pertinen

8 Preface An Introduction to Logic Key Commands Many Logic functions can be activated or accessed with key commands—computer keyboard shortcuts.

80 Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects Bounce—the Final MixBounce is a realtime or offline (faster than realtime) digital process. The entire

Chapter 7 Mixer, Instruments, and Effects 81 Note: If the Offline Bounce mode is selected, you will not hear the audio being played during the pro

8 838 The Environment ConceptLogic’s Environment window—accessible from the Windows menu—is Logic’s “brain”. Its primary purpose is to get MIDI a

84 Chapter 8 The Environment Concept 2 Choose the Click & Ports layer from the pull-down menu to the left, and take a close look at the Objects

Chapter 8 The Environment Concept 85 • You can insert Objects between the Physical Input Object and the Sequencer Input Object, alter the MIDI data

86 Chapter 8 The Environment Concept 4 To connect the Instrument directly to one of your computer’s MIDI ports, you need to define the Instrument O

A 87A Audio and MIDI BasicsThis appendix offers a brief overview of MIDI and digital audio basics.If you want to know what an audio file is, how

88 Chapter A Audio and MIDI Basics The MIDI ConnectionMIDI, as mentioned, is also a hardware “interface” which consists of a standardized set of co

Chapter A Audio and MIDI Basics 89 MIDI ChannelsMIDI is divided into 16 logical “channels”. Each channel is identified by a special channel number

1 9 1 Setting Up Logic Setting up Logic is easy: When you launch Logic for the first time, the Logic Setup Assistant automatically starts. Th

90 Chapter A Audio and MIDI Basics AudioAudio, as a term, basically refers to any sound that you can hear. In the physical, as opposed to computer

Chapter A Audio and MIDI Basics 91 On a more practical level, digital audio files stored on hard disk have the following advantages over analog aud

92 Chapter A Audio and MIDI Basics The sampling resolution—expressed as bit values—determines the precision of the measuring scale used to store (t

Chapter A Audio and MIDI Basics 93 The reason for this huge difference in size is that MIDI is, as discussed earlier, a language that describes wha

B 95B Audio and MIDI in Mac OS XThis chapter covers the audio and MIDI facilities of Mac OS X.You will learn how to set up, and optimize, your au

96 Chapter B Audio and MIDI in Mac OS X Please note that you can set an independent level for the alert beep. It is recommended that you reduce thi

Chapter B Audio and MIDI in Mac OS X 97 Core MIDIMIDI data is handled by the Core MIDI system of Mac OS X. Compatible MIDI interfaces for connectin

98 Chapter B Audio and MIDI in Mac OS X When using the keyboard with a sequencer, however, this is not desirable. In this scenario, the keyboard is

C 99C Connecting Logic to a MixerDependent on your audio hardware and working routines, there are a number of possibilities available for the use